E-mini Russell 2000® Futures versus Russell 2000 ETFs

Over the last 25 years, E-mini Stock Index futures and Exchange Traded Fund (ETFs), have been among the most successful products traded throughout the world.   And given the diversity of clients and the many potential uses for both futures and ETFs, there is no one-size-fits-all answer to the question of which is the more cost-effective instrument. It will depend upon factors such as commissions, implementation cost, as well as the holding period or the trading strategy employed while focusing only on the total cost analysis, which sets aside other attributes such as liquidity, near 24-hour access and capital efficiencies that make futures the better alternative.

Factoid:  The primary stock index futures contracts (S&P500, S&P midcap 400, Russell 2000, Nasdaq 100 and Dow Futures) substantially out-trade their ETF counterparts in average daily dollar volume.  Source: CME Group, Bloomberg

We'll show you some of the advantages of trading stock index futures over ETFs, using the Russell 2000, where one can trade the E-mini Russell 2000 futures (RTY) or the ETF counterpart iShares Russell 2000 ETF (IWM).

Size does matter: Lower Commissions

Futures contracts are usually much larger than ETF shares. The notional value of E-mini Russell 2000 futures is roughly $69,000 (obtained by multiplying index value by $50) while one iShare Russell 2000 ETF  share is worth only $137. 

It would require 500 shares of IWM to equal one futures contract. Hence transaction costs may be less when buying one futures contracts as opposed to 500 shares of the IWM ETF.

Margins and Capital Efficiency

Trading the E-mini Russell 2000 Index futures requires an upfront performance bond margin of $2,850 (4%) to take a position in one contract*. To purchase the same dollar amount of the IWM ETF, you would have to put up $34,000, or half the amount of the purchase, according to Reg-T margins as required by the Federal Reserve bank of New York.

*subject to change 

Trading Hours

While ETFs do, in some cases, offer after-hours trading, they are not generally available to most investors on a 24-hour basis. Futures, on the other hand, trade nearly 24-hours-a-day with excellent liquidity despite the underlying cash equity market being closed.

Holding Period

While ETFs can be held in perpetuity, E-mini Russell 2000 futures contracts have distinct quarterly expiration cycles four times a year: March, June, September and December. If you wanted to maintain your futures position, you would have to roll the E-mini Russell 2000 futures throughout the year, incurring some additional costs. This additional cost is minimal,and lower than incurring the 20-basis point management fee on the IWM ETF.

Tax Considerations

It is not what you make that matters, it is what you take home.

Consider two investors: an E-mini Russell 2000 futures investor and an investor in the Russell 2000 ETF, IWM. Both make $10,000 trading profits in a trade that was held less than one year. The Russell ETF investor, with a short-term gain would pay taxes at an ordinary income rate while the Russell 2000 futures trader would be taxed as a section 1256 contract and pay a blended 60/40 long-term/short-term rate. 

In the top tax bracket, ordinary income could take as much as 39% of the ETF trader’s profits. Futures are treated with 60/40 rules, where 60% of the gain is treated as the more favorable long-term capital gains and 40% is ordinary income. The blended rate is somewhere around 28-30%.  The savings can be thousands of dollars on a futures trader’s tax bill. 

Dividends

Russell 2000 ETFs do usually pay dividends to the shareholder while E-mini Russell 2000 futures do not. However, futures prices are discounted to reflect the lack of dividend payment.

E-mini Russell 2000 futures vs. iShares Russell 2000 ETF(IWM)

  E-mini Russell 2000 Futures iShare Russell 2000
Where Traded CME Group (starting July 10, 2017) Various exchanges
Ticker symbol RTY IWM
Underlying Russell 2000 Index Russell 2000 Index
Minimum tick 0.10($5.00) .01
Notional or Dollar value $69,000 $136.58
2016 Ave.Daily volume ICE 115,000 contracts 29.2 million shares
Ave. Daily volume at CME* 246,000 contracts N/A
Ave. Daily $volume at ICE 7.9 billion 3.9 billion
Ave. Daily $volume at CME* 14.6 billion N/A
Margin $2,850 (about 4%) 50% RegT margin FRBNY
Management fee N/A .20 annually
24 hour trading nearly 24 hours no
Options yes yes
Tax Treatment (60/40) no 60/40,LTCG applies

*Year ending Sept 2008

Test your knowledge

ACCREDITED COURSE

Did you know that CME Institute classes can fulfill CFA and GARP continuing education requirements? Every CME Institute course can be self-reported in your CFA online CE tracker and select classes can be used for GARP credits. See which of our classes qualify for GARP credits here.

What did you think of this course?

To help us improve our education materials, please provide your feedback.

Extend your learning

Put your knowledge into practice with the Trading Simulator

Get hands on experience with the latest Trading Challenge

CME Group is the world’s leading derivatives marketplace. The company is comprised of four Designated Contract Markets (DCMs). 
Further information on each exchange's rules and product listings can be found by clicking on the links to CME, CBOT, NYMEX and COMEX.

© 2024 CME Group Inc. All rights reserved.